Dopamine Dominance – The Purpose of the Pill Stop

Once it has been determined that a person is dopamine dominant (via the successful completion of a dopamine challenge), the next step in optimizing neurotransmitter function is determining the amount of L-dopa needed (from standardized mucuna pruriens) to maximize symptom control. In order to do that, periodic adjustments are made to the mucuna dosing followed by a pill stop. Successfully completing a pill stop can provide valuable information on how to proceed; unfortunately, many people do pill stops incorrectly, which delays the optimization of their neurotransmitter function and symptom relief. (more…)

What To Do When the Amino Acids Quit Working

Every so often we encounter a case where we have seemingly found a person’s optimized dose of amino acids – meaning that whatever symptoms they were experiencing (i.e., depression, anxiety, urges to pull, migraines, tremor, inability to sleep, etc.) have been significantly reduced and/or eliminated – when ‘out of the blue’ their original symptoms return. This can present itself at anytime, but is most typical after a few weeks or months (3-4 months is most common) on the amino acids at the optimized dose. Before the client or provider begins to change anything (or panic) there are a couple of things that MUST be done to insure accurate and optimal results. (more…)

The Hybrid – High Need for Dopamine and Serotonin Support

There are a lot of disorders related to neurotransmitter dysfunction, including depression, anxiety, insomnia, migraines, trichotillomania, OCD, RLS and Parkinson’s disease, among others. The vast majority of people with these conditions (aside from RLS and Parkinson’s) are serotonin dominant, which means that these people normally require much more support for serotonin than the catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine) in order to optimize neurotransmitter function. On the opposite end of the spectrum are those people that are dopamine dominant; this includes people with RLS and Parkinson’s Disease. In addition, there is a small group of people with conditions that are typically serotonin dominant (roughly between 6-12%) that actually end up needing significant dopamine support (i.e, they are dopamine dominant). The only way to determine this is via specialized urine testing. To make matters more complicated, it turns out that there is a third group of people that need significant support for both the serotonin and catecholamine systems; these people are typically labeled “hybrids”. (more…)

The Biochemistry Behind Amino Acid Therapy – Part 2

Our first post in this series established the role that transporters play in establishing optimal neurotransmitter synthesis, metabolism and reuptake. Again, based on the work of Marty Hinz, MD, Alvin Stein, MD and Thomas Uncini, MD, the Organic Cation Transporter Type 2 (OCT-2) seems to be the dominant transport system with regards to serotonin and the catecholamines (to learn more, please read The dual-gate lumen model of renal monoamine transport and  APRESS: apical regulatory super system, serotonin,and dopamine interaction). Let’s learn a bit more how and why these gates work and how we can optimize their function using amino acid therapy. (more…)

The Biochemistry Behind Amino Acid Therapy – Part 1

Neurotransmitter dysfunction is the root cause of a whole host of disorders, including depression, anxiety, insomnia, OCD, ADD/ADHD, migraines, trichotillomania, RLS and Parkinson’s disease. Every disorder that has been linked to centrally acting monoamines (i.e., serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and/or epinephrine) occurs because inadequate amounts of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and/or epinephrine exists. In order to optimize neurotransmitter function, the total number of these neurotransmitters needs to be increased in the system, the synapse or both. (more…)